![]() Unlike the fairly extensive literature used to establish insomnia as a risk factor for depression, relatively few investigations examine the longitudinal relationship of sleep disturbance and PTSD. ![]() Thus, it is conceivable that patients with PTSD have more difficulty engaging in PTSD interventions when sleep disturbances are present, adding to the clinical importance of insomnia and nightmares among such patients. While nightmares tend to diminish following PTSD interventions, insomnia tends to remain as a common residual problem ,. Finally, among 886 veterans screened in primary care, 88% met risk criteria for at least one sleep disorder, 49% met for more than one sleep disorder, and 24% reported use of sleeping pills or alcohol at bedtime to help with sleep. Sleep disturbance also represents the second most common complaint of recent returning veterans. Recent reports indicate that, during deployment, poor sleep environment, night-time duties, personal life-related stress, and combat-related stress disturbed sleep more than half the nights for 33%, 30%, 11%, and 10% of soldiers, respectively. military service members deployed to combat and among veterans receiving primary care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) sleep disturbance is highly prevalent. Insomnia occurs in 60–90% of PTSD patients and is the most commonly endorsed PTSD symptom nightmares occur less frequently (~ 50%). ![]() Both insomnia and nightmares are independently associated with PTSD and comprise specific symptoms in PTSD diagnostic criteria. Sleep disturbances have often been considered a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with good reason.
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